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        <h2 id="1-前言"><a href="#1-前言" class="headerlink" title="1. 前言"></a>1. 前言</h2><p>此篇文章用于记录使用 <code>Typeorm</code> 操作 <code>MongoDB</code> 的方法，方便后续再次使用时有记录总结，防止下次碰到类似问题时有得费心思查询思路。</p>
<ul>
<li><code>mongodb 版本</code>：<code>3.7.3</code></li>
<li><code>typeorm 版本</code>：<code>0.2.45</code></li>
<li><code>@types/mongodb</code>：<code>3.6</code></li>
</ul>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="2-了解-ObjectID"><a href="#2-了解-ObjectID" class="headerlink" title="2. 了解 ObjectID"></a>2. 了解 ObjectID</h2><p>特性：</p>
<ul>
<li>总体上为递增的顺序；</li>
<li>可以通过 <code>ObjectID</code> 获取时间信息；</li>
<li>JS 比对 <code>ObjectID</code> 时需要调用它的 <code>toString</code> 方法；</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://mongoing.com/all-about-objectid" target="_blank" rel="noopener">关于 <code>ObjectId</code> 的问题总结</a></p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="3-操作方法"><a href="#3-操作方法" class="headerlink" title="3. 操作方法"></a>3. 操作方法</h2><h3 id="3-1-基础查询"><a href="#3-1-基础查询" class="headerlink" title="3.1 基础查询"></a>3.1 基础查询</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left">常用的 <code>mongo</code> 的操作符</th>
<th>含义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>$in</code> &amp; <code>$nin</code></td>
<td>数组匹配（<code>$in</code>：匹配在数组内的； <code>$nin</code>：匹配不在数组内的）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>$or</code> &amp; <code>$nor</code></td>
<td>或操作符（<code>$or</code>：匹配满足任一条件的； <code>$nor</code>：匹配任一条件均不满足的）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>$eq</code> &amp; <code>$ne</code></td>
<td>相等匹配（<code>$eq</code>：等于； <code>$ne</code>：不等于）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>$gt</code> &amp; <code>$lt</code></td>
<td>大小匹配（<code>$gt</code>：大于； <code>$lt</code>：小于）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>$not</code></td>
<td>非操作符（需要配合别的操作符使用）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>$and</code></td>
<td>与操作符（<code>$and</code>：匹配满足所有条件的）</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// $in 示例</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> demoArr = [<span class="string">'aaa'</span>, <span class="string">'bbb'</span>];</span><br><span class="line">repo.find(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  where: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    name: &#123; $<span class="keyword">in</span>: demoArr &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// $or 示例（$nor、$and、$nin 同理）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> demoReg = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">RegExp</span>(<span class="string">'some fuzzy str'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">repo.find(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  where: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    $or: [&#123; name: demoReg &#125;, &#123; address: demoReg &#125;],</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// $eq 示例（$ne 同理）</span></span><br><span class="line">repo.find(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  where: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    name: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      $eq: <span class="string">'测试'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// $gt 示例（$lt 同理）</span></span><br><span class="line">repo.find(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  where: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    age: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      $gt: <span class="number">12</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// $not 示例</span></span><br><span class="line">repo.find(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  where: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    age: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      $not: &#123; $gt: <span class="number">12</span> &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>当然，<code>typeorm</code> 也为我们简化了一部分的操作写法，特别是简单的匹配查询时，我们可以直接这么写：</p>
<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 查询多条数据（返回数组）</span></span><br><span class="line">repo.find(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  id: <span class="keyword">new</span> ObjectID(<span class="string">'tar hex str'</span>),</span><br><span class="line">  name: <span class="string">'123'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 查询单条数据</span></span><br><span class="line">repo.findOne(&#123; id: <span class="keyword">new</span> ObjectID(<span class="string">'tar hex str'</span>) &#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>⚠️ 注：批量查询数据，需要根据 <code>ObjectID</code> 查询的时候，需要 <code>new ObjectID(str)</code> 来生成对应的类型才可查询，可能和版本问题有关。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="3-2-级联查询"><a href="#3-2-级联查询" class="headerlink" title="3.2 级联查询"></a>3.2 级联查询</h3><p>这里的“级联查询”包括两部分的操作：“单表聚合”、“多表联查”。</p>
<h4 id="3-2-1-单表聚合"><a href="#3-2-1-单表聚合" class="headerlink" title="3.2.1 单表聚合"></a>3.2.1 单表聚合</h4><blockquote>
<p>⚠️ 注：表格内容引自后面 “参考文章 - 6”</p>
</blockquote>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left">常用管道</th>
<th style="text-align:left">含义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>$group</code></td>
<td style="text-align:left">将 collection 中的 document 分组，可用于统计结果</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>$match</code></td>
<td style="text-align:left">过滤数据，只输出符合结果的文档</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>$project</code></td>
<td style="text-align:left">修改输入文档的结构（例如重命名，增加、删除字段，创建结算结果等）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>$sort</code></td>
<td style="text-align:left">将结果进行排序后输出</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>$limit</code></td>
<td style="text-align:left">限制管道输出的结果个数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>$skip</code></td>
<td style="text-align:left">跳过制定数量的结果，并且返回剩下的结果</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>$unwind</code></td>
<td style="text-align:left">将数组类型的字段进行拆分</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 一般操作方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> result = <span class="keyword">await</span> repo</span><br><span class="line">  .aggregate([</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 先匹配需要的内容</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#123; $match: &#123; id: <span class="keyword">new</span> ObjectID(xxx) &#125; &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 然后聚合</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      $group: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 通过 id 聚合</span></span><br><span class="line">        id: <span class="string">'$id'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 自定义 content 内容</span></span><br><span class="line">        content: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="comment">// 批量取值并重命名</span></span><br><span class="line">          $push: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            name: <span class="string">'$name'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            new_age: <span class="string">'$age'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">          &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 其它控制……</span></span><br><span class="line">  ])</span><br><span class="line">  .next();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="3-2-2-多表联查"><a href="#3-2-2-多表联查" class="headerlink" title="3.2.2 多表联查"></a>3.2.2 多表联查</h4><p>多表联查我们需要用到的是 <code>$lookup</code> 操作符，此操作符内容如下：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>from</code>：目标表</li>
<li><code>localField</code>：当前表的匹配字段</li>
<li><code>foreignField</code>：目标表的匹配字段</li>
<li><code>as</code>：输出的集合名称</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>⚠️ 注：这里的 <code>localField</code> 与 <code>foreignField</code> 就是两表关联的外键，注意别填反了。</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 示例</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> data = <span class="keyword">await</span> <span class="keyword">this</span>.user</span><br><span class="line">  .aggregate([</span><br><span class="line">    &#123; $match: &#123; name: <span class="string">'wahaha'</span> &#125; &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      $lookup: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">from</span>: <span class="string">'photo'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        localField: <span class="string">'id'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        foreignField: <span class="string">'user_id'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">as</span>: <span class="string">'photo_list'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      $lookup: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">from</span>: <span class="string">'family'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        localField: <span class="string">'id'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        foreignField: <span class="string">'user_id'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">as</span>: <span class="string">'families'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">  ])</span><br><span class="line">  .next();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="3-3-新增操作"><a href="#3-3-新增操作" class="headerlink" title="3.3 新增操作"></a>3.3 新增操作</h3><p>使用 <code>Typeorm</code> 操作 <code>mongodb</code> 的新增能力有三种方法：<code>save</code>、<code>insertOne</code>、<code>insertMany</code>，一般我们使用 <code>save</code> 方法。它们之间稍微有一些区别：</p>
<h4 id="3-3-1-save-方法"><a href="#3-3-1-save-方法" class="headerlink" title="3.3.1 save 方法"></a>3.3.1 <code>save</code> 方法</h4><p><code>save</code> 方法比较简单，直接将新增参数放入即可，支持自动生成 <code>主键</code>、<code>新增时间</code>、<code>更新时间</code>，它同时支持插入单条数据 &amp; 多条数据。</p>
<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 插入单条数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">this</span>.repo.save(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 新增的参数</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 批量插入数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">this</span>.repo.save([</span><br><span class="line">  &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 新增的参数</span></span><br><span class="line">  &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">]);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="3-3-2-insertOne-方法"><a href="#3-3-2-insertOne-方法" class="headerlink" title="3.3.2 insertOne 方法"></a>3.3.2 <code>insertOne</code> 方法</h4><p><code>insertOne</code> 方法为 <code>save</code> 的单条数据操作版，但它只支持自动生成 <code>主键</code>，在项目使用上可优先使用 <code>save</code> 方法。</p>
<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">this</span>.repo.insertOne(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 新增的参数</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="3-3-3-insertMany-方法"><a href="#3-3-3-insertMany-方法" class="headerlink" title="3.3.3 insertMany 方法"></a>3.3.3 <code>insertMany</code> 方法</h4><p><code>insertMany</code> 方法为 <code>save</code> 的多条数据操作版，但它只支持自动生成 <code>主键</code>，在项目使用上可优先使用 <code>save</code> 方法。</p>
<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">this</span>.repo.insertMany([</span><br><span class="line">  &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 新增的参数</span></span><br><span class="line">  &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">]);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="3-4-删除操作"><a href="#3-4-删除操作" class="headerlink" title="3.4 删除操作"></a>3.4 删除操作</h3><p>删除方法基本都使用 <code>delete</code> 方法，使用方法基本按照 <code>TS</code> 定义去操作即可：</p>
<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 可单、批量删除</span></span><br><span class="line">repo.delete(xxx);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="3-5-更新操作"><a href="#3-5-更新操作" class="headerlink" title="3.5 更新操作"></a>3.5 更新操作</h3><p>更新操作也有多种：<code>update</code>、<code>updateOne</code>、<code>updateMany</code>，基本和 find 差不多，用的较多的基本是 <code>update</code> 方法，属于综合性更新。</p>
<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">repo.update(tarId, &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  modify_time: <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>(),</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 待更新的内容</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>⚠️ 注：<code>typeorm</code> 更新 <code>mongodb</code> 时不会自动更新时间，需要手动补充时间的更新内容。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="4-参考文档"><a href="#4-参考文档" class="headerlink" title="4. 参考文档"></a>4. 参考文档</h2><ol>
<li><a href="http://www.manongjc.com/detail/31-ipwxvemvjscyfqt.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MongoDB $not 实例讲解</a></li>
<li><a href="http://t.zoukankan.com/laifu-p-3635298.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">对多个字段同时查询</a></li>
<li><a href="https://orkhan.gitbook.io/typeorm/docs/mongodb#mongodb-support" target="_blank" rel="noopener">typeorm mongodb</a></li>
<li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46720962/typeorm-findbyid-doesnt-work-with-mongodb" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TypeORM FindById doesn’t work with MongoDB</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39263663/article/details/80459833" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MongoDB 中的 aggregate() 方法</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/ycclydy/article/details/120861374" target="_blank" rel="noopener">mongoDB 中聚合(aggregate)的具体使用</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/xuliuzai/p/10055535.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">详解 MongoDB 中的多表关联查询（$lookup）</a></li>
</ol>

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